DNS (Domain Name System) is the internet’s phonebook. It translates human-friendly domain names like “mapletree.studio” into IP addresses like “192.0.2.1” that computers use to identify each other on the network.
How DNS Works
When you type a website address into your browser, a DNS query happens in the background. Your computer contacts DNS servers to look up the IP address associated with that domain name. This process typically takes milliseconds but involves several steps across multiple servers worldwide.
DNS Components
Domain Name - The readable address (example.com). Name Servers - Servers that store DNS records. DNS Records - Instructions telling the internet where to find your website (A records, CNAME records, MX records, etc.). Registrar - The company where you purchased your domain name.
Common DNS Record Types
A Record - Points your domain to an IPv4 address. AAAA Record - Points to an IPv6 address. CNAME Record - Creates an alias pointing one domain to another. MX Record - Directs email to mail servers. TXT Record - Holds text information, often used for verification.
DNS Propagation
When you change DNS settings, the updates don’t happen instantly worldwide. DNS propagation is the time it takes for changes to spread across all DNS servers globally. This typically takes 24-48 hours, though it’s often faster. During propagation, some users may see the old site while others see the new one.
Why DNS Matters for Websites
Proper DNS configuration is essential for your website to be accessible. If DNS records are incorrect, visitors can’t reach your site. DNS also affects email delivery, domain verification, and security features like SSL certificates.
DNS and Website Performance
DNS lookup speed impacts your website’s loading time. Choosing reliable DNS providers with fast response times improves user experience. Services like Cloudflare offer free DNS with fast global resolution and additional security features.